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January 2005
Content
» INTRODUCTION
Basic Safety Requirements
» A.1 Safeguarding against dropping of vertically
operating door leaves
» A.2 Resistance to wind load
» A.3 Dangerous substances
» A.4 Uncontrolled movements of vertically
operating door leaves
» A.5 Unintentional movements due to wind
etc
» A.6 Closing gaps
» A.7 Precaution for transparent surfaces
» A.8 Installation and use
Additional Basic Safety Requirements for power operated doors
» B.1 Crushing, shearing, drawing-in, impact
» B.2 Lifting people
» B.3 Source of energy
» B.4 Over-running
» B.5 Change over to manual operation
» B.6 Trapp19
» B.7 Pass-doors
Alternative Additional Requirements specific to non-automatic power
operated, vertically
moving domestic garage doors for one household only
» C.1 Forces exerted by the door
» C.2 Source of energy
» C.3 Over-running
» C.4 Change over to manual operation
» C.5 Contro26
Additional Requirements for fire resisting and smoke control doors
» D.1
January 2005
INTRODUCTION
EDSF has supported the preparation of European standards for all types
of door products
through national member associations and by direct EDSF liaison with
CEN and CENELEC
committees.
Principally, the standards produced for doors and shutters have been
in response to
satisfying the Essential Health and Safety requirements identified
in the Construction
Products Directive.
Where necessary, due notice has also been taken of the specific requirements
related to
power operated products in the Machinery Directive, the Low Voltage
Directive and the
Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Directive.
The first product standard, EN 13241-1, covering industrial, commercial
and garage doors &
gates, excluding fire resistance and smoke control characteristics,
has been voted and its
reference published in the Official Journal of the EU in March 2004,
establishing the end of the
transition period on 30 April 2005.
All supporting standards referenced in this product standard were already
published, some
being currently under revision. CEN TC33 has acknowledged the need
of interpretation and
approved the creation of an adhoc Group. Interpretations are now published
on the following
web site Interpretation group IG5 and EDSF recommends to consider them
even before they
are incorporated in a revised version of the related standard.
In order to support the introduction and use of this product standard
EN 13241-1, EDSF has
summarized some of the major safety aspects covered by this standard
and all related
supporting standards in this safety guidelines section.
Some of the sketches identify hazards which can occur if particular
requirements of the
standards are not complied with.
Section A covers basic safety requirements for all types of industrial,
commercial and garage
doors & gates, whether designed for manual or power operation.
Section B identifies some of the additional basic safety requirements
specific to power
operated doors.
Section C identifies alternative solutions specific to vertically operating
domestic garage
doors for one household only, not opening onto a public thoroughfare
and not automatic
operation.
Not covered in these safety guidelines are important environmental
aspects which although
identified in the Construction Products Directive, are not specifically
safety related.
It is EDSF’s intention to expand these guidelines when the additional
product standards which
cover the following product types are nearing their publication dates:
·
manually operated pedestrian doors (prEN14351-1)
·
power operated pedestrian doors: currently on stand-bye
·
fire resisting/smoke control doors and shutters: (prEN13241-2)
January 2005
Basic Safety Requirements
A.1 Safeguarding against dropping of vertically operating door
leaves
Requirement:
Vertically operating door leaves shall be safe-guarded against dropping,
or uncontrolled out-of-
balance movement in the event of a failure of a single component in
their suspension or
balancing systems.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.2.8
EN 12604 clause 4.3.4 (5.3.4 in revised draft version)
What to do:
Safeguards against dropping can be achieved by using anti-drop devices
or other design
features incorporated into the door suspension system (see EN 12604).
Springs shall be arranged so that one spring cannot cause faulty operation
of another.
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be based on an Initial Type Test carried out for the
manufacturer by a notified body.
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January 2005
Basic Safety Requirements
A.2 Resistance to wind load
Requirement:
Resistance to wind load of a defined class means that at the prescribed
load the closed door shows no collapse or permanent deformation or derailment or the like
which can influence the functional and safety performance.
Relevant Directive:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.4.3 and annex C
EN 12424
EN 12444
EN 12604 clause 4.2.2 and 4.2.4
What to do:
Resistance to wind load shall be determined from a full scale test,
model test, component part
test or calculation in accordance with EN 12444, unless “no
performance determined” is to be
declared.
The results of tests or calculations which incorporate safety factors
as identified in EN
13241-1 and EN 12444, shall show that the door is able to withstand
the reference wind load
of the relevant class listed in EN 12424 unless no performance determined
is declared.
A suction or reverse direction load shall be specified as a negative
class.
It should be noted that products installed on the façade of
a building should meet class 2 as a
minimum.
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be based on an Initial Type Test carried
out for the
manufacturer by a notified body.
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January 2005
Basic Safety Requirements
A.3 Dangerous substances
Requirement:
Materials in products shall not release any dangerous substances
in excess of the maximum
permitted levels specified in the relevant European material standard
and/or any national
regulation.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Product Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.2.9
What to do:
Existing National regulations to be checked individually for each
Country. For general information about dangerous substances in the EU, see:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/construction/internal/dangsub/dangmain.htm
For information about dangerous substances per country, see:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/construction/internal/dangsub/dangcount.htm
Evaluation of conformity: (to be checked for each and every Member State)
Compliance with national regulations related to dangerous substances
shall be based on an
Initial Type Test carried out for the manufacturer or his material
supplier by a notified body.
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January 2005
Basic Safety Requirements
A.4 Uncontrolled movements of vertically operating door leaves
Requirement:
Vertically operating door leaves shall not move in an uncontrolled
or dangerous manner. The
door movement shall in normal use be able to be stopped in any position.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.2.1
EN 12604 clause 4.3.3
What to do:
To comply with the requirement, EN 12604 describes the following
examples of possible
solutions:
·
An operational braking system which automatically engages when the
door movement is stopped in any position
·
A balancing system which balances the door leaf in any position (not
only the terminal ones)
·
A balancing system which balances the door leaf only in an intermediate
or the fully open position. The out-of-balance state in the other
positions should be minimised as far as possible, but in any case
shall not produce a static force at the primary closing edge of the door exceeding 150N.
·
A self-sustaining gear which stops the door leaf and holds it firm
in any position.
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer ’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Basic Safety Requirements
A.5 Unintentional movements due to wind etc.
Requirement:
Doors of a type which can cause injury or damage if they move under
the influence of wind
or similar extraneous forces shall be able to be retained in their
terminal positions.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.2.1
EN 12604 clause 4.3.2.
What to do:
This type of doors shall incorporate devices to prevent such movement. Such devices shall automatically be effective at the terminal positions.
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Basic Safety Requirements
A.6 Closing gaps
Requirement:
Closing gaps which are accessible during the leaf movement shall
be eliminated or safe-guarded
up to a height of 2,5 m above floor level or other permanent access
level.
Relevant Directive:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.2.6
EN 12604 clause 4.5.1
EN 12453 clause 5.1.1
What to do:
On manually operated doors:
The mechanical features of a door shall be designed so that as far
as possible the risk to the
operator and adjacent persons of crushing, cutting, shearing is eliminated.
This shall be done
primarily by the door design, setting suitable clearances and provision
of guarding.
Examples are given in EN 12604 annex C.
Where this action does not eliminate all risk, suitable warning signs
shall be provided.
On power operated doors:
All accessible closing gaps shall be avoided or safeguarded (warning
signs are not acceptable).
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Basic Safety Requirements
A.7 Precaution for transparent surfaces
Requirement:
Transparent elements in leaves shall be so designed that they remain
fully secured under
normal operating conditions.
No sharp splinters, cutting edges or other dangerous part shall occur
if the transparent
material should break.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Product Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.2.5
EN 12604 clause 4.2.5.
EN 12605 clause 5.3.1
What to do:
Vision panels must not fall out of their frame. Broken transparent
elements must not result in
sharp edges.
The requirements of class 1 of EN 12600 shall be fulfilled (should
read class 3: EN12604 is
under revision on this point).
If the transparent surface of the test object is smaller than the
dimensions stated in EN 12600,
this is to be built into a representative door leaf segment and tested.
Total impact to be centred to the middle of the transparent element.
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Basic Safety Requirements
A.8 Installation and use
Requirement:
A door shall be able to be installed and maintained such that it
performs satisfactorily and safely in its
intended situation and under its expected conditions of use.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
References:
EN 12635 clause 5
EN 13241-1 clause 4.5
What to do:
Unless installation is carried out by the manufacturer, the manufacturer
shall provide for each product,
installation instructions which shall include a step by step guidance
on the correct sequence of
operations necessary to achieve a correct installation.
The following documentation shall be handed over to the user on completion
of installation:
·
Instructions for use and maintenance
·
Maintenance and proof test record book for power operated doors other
than for private
domestic garage doors.
· Declaration of Conformity where applicable. The door shall be
labelled according to the
product standard EN 13241-1.
The instructions for use and maintenance shall at least:
·
clearly state the correct method of door operation.
·
advise against non-specialist interference with critical items that
could be dangerous to an
untrained person.
·
specify the minimum level of frequency and type of maintenance of
the door (including
operational safety checks) necessary to obtain the working life expected
from the product
classification.
·
advise the user of the importance to keep maintenance records.
·
include guidelines for the safe dismantling of the door.
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Additional Basic Safety Requirements for power operated
doors
B.1 Crushing, shearing, drawing-in, impact
Requirement:
Operating forces exerted by the door leaf of power operated doors,
shall be kept to a safe
level for users.
Crushing, shearing and drawing-in points generated by the door leaf
during normal use shall
be eliminated or safeguarded.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 Clause 4.3.2 and 4.3.3
EN 12453 clause 5.1.1, 5.1.3, 5.5.1 and normative annex A.
What to do:
On doors which are not operated in the “hold to run” mode of
operation, either forces are
kept below maximum acceptable levels (see 12453 clause 5.1.1 and
annex A), or specific
features guarantee that no one can be touched by the moving door
(see EN 12453 clause
5.1.3).
When the above is fulfilled via safety devices, these devices shall
not fail to danger in case of
a single fault failure (see EN 12453 clause 5.1.1.6).
Shearing and drawing-in hazards cannot be eliminated nor safeguarded
by force limitation
only. Other safety measures such as safety distances are needed (see
EN 12453 clause
5.1.1.5).
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be based on an Initial Type Test carried
out for the
manufacturer by a notified body.
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January 2005
Additional Basic Safety Requirements for power operated
doors
B.2 Lifting people
Requirement:
Doors which open upwards and which are not operated in the “hold-to-run” mode
of
operation shall not be able to lift an adult or a child in a dangerous
way.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.3
EN 12453 clauses 5.1.1.6 and 5.1.2
EN 12445 clauses 4.1.2 and 7.4
What to do:
To avoid any lifting hazard, the door leaf shall not have holes nor
protruding parts or the door
shall not be able to lift a test load of 20kg.
If the door is able to lift the test load, that load shall be detected
by a sensitive protective
equipment before coming into contact with any hard fixed part of
the surroundings such as
the lintel (see EN 12445 clause 4.1.2).
Any sensitive protective equipment shall not fail to danger in case
of a single fault failure
(see EN 12453 clause 5.1.1.6).
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Additional Basic Safety Requirements for power operated
doors
B.3 Source of energy
Requirement:
All hazards originated by the source of energy used for the power
operation shall be avoided
or safeguarded.
In particular electric shock, fire from overheating or bursting due
to hydraulic or pneumatic
overpressure, in normal use as well as in foreseeable misuse, shall
be avoided or safeguarded.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
LVD, Low Voltage Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.3.4
EN 12453 clause 5.2
What to do:
Electrical drive units shall meet the specific requirements of EN
60335-1 identified in clause
5.2.1 of EN 12453 (EN12453 is going to be revised to simply require
for compliance with
EN 60335-2-103).
Electrical equipment outside the drive unit shall meet the requirements
of EN 60204-1 (see
EN 12453 clause 5.2.2).
Hydraulic drive systems shall meet the requirement of EN 982. In
particular they shall be
protected against overpressure and be able to resist 3 times the
working pressure (see EN
12453 clause 5.2.3).
Pneumatic drive systems shall meet the requirement of EN 983. In
particular they shall not be
allowed to be operated at a working pressure higher than 1.2 mPa
and they shall be able to
resist 3 times the working pressure (see EN 12453 clause 5.2.4).
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Additional Basic Safety Requirements for power operated
doors
B.4 Over-running
Requirement:
The door shall stop automatically at its terminal end positions and
remain in a safe state.
Also the door movement shall stop and the drive shall be switched
off as soon as a stop
command is given.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.3.1
EN 12453 clauses 5.2.7 and 5.4.3
What to do:
Doors shall always have means to stop the movement (see EN12453 clause
5.2.7).
After a stop command has been given, the door shall stop within an
over-travel distance less
than or equal to 50 mm when the opening gap is less than or equal
to 500 mm and not more
than 100 mm when the opening gap is greater than 500 mm. (see EN
12453 clauses 5.1.1.4
and 5.2.7).
Doors shall not be able to overrun their terminal end positions (see
EN 12453 clause 5.4.3).
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Additional Basic Safety Requirements for power operated
doors
B.5 Change over to manual operation
Requirement:
When a manual operation is available on a power operated door, the
manual operation shall
be designed so that it can be carried out without risk.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.3.1
EN 12453 clause 5.3 and 5.4.4
What to do:
The manual operation shall be possible with a reasonable physical
effort (see EN 12453
clause 5.3.5). Devices for manual operation shall be provided. They
shall not be located close
to danger points. Crank handle shall not be able to fly back and
they shall be safeguarded
against slipping off (see EN 12453 clauses 5.3.2 to 5.3.4). The manual
operation shall not
interfere with the power operation (see EN 12453 clause 5.3.1). When
the manual operation
is achieved by releasing the drive, that release shall not lead to
hazardous situation due to
unexpected movement. In particular, vertically moving doors shall
be safeguarded against
falling back in case of a failure in the suspension system. (see
EN 12453 clause 5.4.4).
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Additional Basic Safety Requirements for power operated
doors
B.6 Trapping
Requirement:
Persons shall not be trapped in areas where a power operated door
is the only means of exit,
even in case of a failure in the drive or a loss of power supply.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.3.1
EN 12453 clause 5.4.2
What to do:
It is always recommended to install power operated doors in rooms
where other exits are
provided, independent from the power operated doors. When there is
no other exit other than
through the power operated door itself, this door shall be fitted
with a manual release, or a
pass-door. Users must be aware that the manual release might not
be operable in a case where
there is a failure in the suspension system in addition to the failure
in the drive or the loss of
power supply.
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Additional Basic Safety Requirements for power operated
doors
B.7 Pass-doors
Requirement:
When a pass-door is fitted in a power operated door leaf, it is necessary
that the movement of
the door is not possible when the pass-door is not secured in its
closed position.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.3.1
EN 12453 clause 5.4.1
What to do:
A device shall prevent the movement of the drive when the pass-door
is not fully closed or
stop the movement if the pass-door is opened. Such devices shall
not be able to ”fail to
danger”.
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Alternative Additional Requirements specific to non-automatic
power operated,
vertically moving domestic garage doors for one household
only
C.1 Forces exerted by the door
Requirement:
Power operated domestic garage doors shall be so designed or safeguarded
that the forces
which they exert at the main closing edge are kept to a safe level
for the users.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
LVD, Low Voltage Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.3.6
EN 12453 clause 5.5.2
EN 60335-2-95
What to do:
Unless the drive is operated in the “hold to run” mode of operation,
the drive shall incorporate an
entrapment protection system with sensing devices which either prevent
the door from coming into
contact with an obstacle (EN 60335-2-95 clause 20.Z.102) or keep
the forces below maximum
acceptable levels (EN 60335-2-95 clause 20.Z.103)
Entrapment protection systems shall always provide an adequate level
of protection in the
event of a failure within the system (EN 60335-2-95 clause 20.Z.104).
A mechanical fault in
the drive shall not result in a hazardous operation (EN 60335-2-95
clause 20.Z.105).
Adjustment shall not be possible without the use of a tool (EN 60335-2-95
clause 22.101).
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity for permissible forces has to be demonstrated
by the drive unit
manufacturer.
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January 2005
Alternative Additional Requirements specific to non-automatic
power operated,
vertically moving domestic garage doors for one household
only
C.2 Source of energy
Requirement
All hazards originated by the source of energy used for the power
operation shall be avoided
or safeguarded. In particular electric contact direct or indirect,
fire from over-heating, in
normal use as well as in foreseeable misuse, shall be avoided or
safeguarded.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
LVD, Low Voltage Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.3.1
EN 12453 clause 5.5.2
EN 60335-1 and EN 60335-2-95
What to do:
Electrical drive units for single residence domestic garage doors,
without automatic control
and not opening onto a public area shall, in accordance with clause
5.5.2 of EN 12453, meet
the requirements of EN 60335-2-95 and EN 60335-1.
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity is based on declarations from both the door
and/or drive unit
manufacturer.
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January 2005
Alternative Additional Requirements specific to non-automatic
power operated,
vertically moving domestic garage doors for one household
only
C.3 Over-running
Requirement:
The door shall stop automatically at its terminal end positions and
remain in a safe state.
Also the door movement shall stop and the drive shall be switched
off as soon as a stop
command is given.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
LVD, Low Voltage Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.3.1
EN 12453 clause 5.5.2
EN 60335-2-95
What to do:
Doors shall always have means to stop the movement at the terminal
positions.
Drives that are only controlled by a biased-off switch shall make
the bottom edge of the door
stop within a distance of 50mm when the actuating member of the switch
is released (EN
60335-2-95 clause 20 Z 101).
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Alternative Additional Requirements specific to non-automatic
power operated,
vertically moving domestic garage doors for one household
only
C.4 Change over to manual operation
Requirement
All drives for domestic garage doors shall incorporate a manual release
so that the door can
be operated manually.
Operation of the manual release shall not give rise to a hazard such
as kickback or
unexpected operation of the drive.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
LVD, Low Voltage Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.3.1
EN 12453 clause 5.5.2
EN 60335-2-95
What to do:
The instructions for use shall give details on how to use the manual
release and, if applicable,
state that activation of the manual release may cause uncontrolled
movement of the door if
the springs are weak or broken or if the door is out of balance (EN
60335-2-95
clause 7.12). The manual release shall be operable with a force not
exceeding 220 N or a
torque not exceeding 1.6 Nm (EN 60335-2-95 clause 20.109). Drives
shall be supplied with a
label describing how to use the manual release (EN 60335-2-95 clause
7.103).
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Alternative Additional Requirements specific to non-automatic
power operated,
vertically moving domestic garage doors for one household
only
C.5 Controls
Requirement
It shall only be possible to open or close the door by use of a manual
control.
When operating the manual controls the user shall not be in a dangerous
situation.
Relevant Directives:
CPD, Construction Products Directive
MD, Machinery Directive
LVD, Low Voltage Directive
References:
EN 13241-1 clause 4.3.1
EN 12453 clause 5.5.2
EN 60335-2-95
What to do:
The instructions for installation shall specify that any fixed control
has to be installed within
sight of the door but away from moving parts and at a height of at
least 1.5 m (EN 60335-2-
95 clause 7.12.1).
If the entrapment protection system is a biased-off switch, it shall
only be possible to operate
the switch within sight of the door (EN 60335-2-95 clause 22 Z 101).
If the drive is supplied with a three button control, all other controls
shall be of the same type
(EN 60335-2-95 clause 22.106).
During the movement of the drive in either direction, it shall always
be possible to actuate a
manual control to stop the movement.
Evaluation of conformity:
Evaluation of conformity shall be done under manufacturer’s responsibility.
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January 2005
Additional Requirements for fire resisting and smoke
control doors
D.1
Although the harmonised fire resistance and smoke leakage test method
standards EN 1634-1
and EN 1634-3 have been published, the product standard for fire
resisting doors and shutters
has not yet been completed.
Work is still progressing on these product standards, supporting
requirements standards,
European classification standard, and extended field of application
standards.
Until these are in place, CE marking of fire resisting products will
not be possible and
conformity to national regulation requirements will continue.
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